University of Minnesota
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Milestone
2.2.c

Infection vs. vaccination immunity

In progress

Identify distinctions between immune responses to influenza infection and vaccination in different age-groups and birth-year cohorts.

Progress Highlights

Ugale 2023 examined influenza infection-related changes in immune cell phenotypes in younger and older individuals. Younger infected individuals had decreased B- and NK-cell frequencies and more effector-like T-cell phenotypes compared with older individuals.

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Ertesvåg 2022 investigated the breadth and durability of influenza A/H3N2-specific HAI Abs after LAIV in children and after IIV or infection in adults; findings suggested that early A/H3N2 exposure and frequent seasonal vaccination could increase the breadth and seropositivity of Ab responses, which may improve vaccine protection against future viruses.

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Shapiro 2021 conducted a multi-season, longitudinal study of older adults over 75 years of age to examine the role of host factors, including age and sex, in determining the effect of repeated vaccination and levels of pre-existing humoral immunity to influenza. Results showed that pre-vaccination titers, rather than host factors or repeated vaccination, strongly predicted post-vaccination Ab titer outcomes.

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