Honce 2024 used a mouse model of diet-induced obesity to assess the systemic and specific effects of diet on influenza vaccine immunogenicity; results demonstrated that (1) the systemic meta-inflammation generated by high-fat diet exposure limited T-cell maturation to the memory compartment at the time of vaccination and (2) that the metabolic dysfunction of T-cells was reversed if weight loss occurred 4 weeks before vaccination, restoring a functional recall response. While this study involved mice, the model can be used to inform studies in humans of the effects of diet on influenza immunogenicity.
King 2024 analyzed data from the US influenza vaccine effectiveness (Flu VE) network over seven seasons to evaluate the relationship between obesity and influenza VE in the outpatient setting and found that elevated BMI was not associated with reduced VE against laboratory-confirmed, outpatient influenza illness.
Abd Alhadi 2023 analyzed influenza-specific IgG and IgA Ab repertoires among individuals with healthy weights and obesity prior to and 30 days after vaccination with TIV and found that obesity may impair immune history and cannot be overcome by seasonal vaccination, especially in younger individuals with decreased lifetime exposure to infections and seasonal vaccines.