Badra 2025 mapped existing evidence on the use of serological surveillance to monitor zoonotic influenza viruses in animals and exposed human populations; the data provide a foundation for identifying priority areas for standardizing serological methods, expanding surveillance in understudied regions and species, and fostering multidisciplinary coordination.
De Lusignan 2025 reported progress toward integrating viral genome sequences and sentinel surveillance data using the Quinquagenarian (QQG) biomedical resource to link clinical, virology, and sequence data with genomic surveillance of influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2.
WHO: As an extension of ongoing of sampling strategies and assessment, data will be derived from the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS); additional sources include the WHO Global Influenza Programme, the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN), and the WHO Collaborating Centers.
WHO 2024 provided updated guidance on surveillance standards and operational approaches for an expanded GISRS that aims to strengthen national sentinel surveillance capacities for respiratory viruses and improve preparedness and response to future health emergencies caused by respiratory viruses.
Additional sources of data relevant to progress toward this milestone may include Africa CDC Institute for Pathogen Genomics (IPG) and PAHO collaborations on surveillance for influenza and other respiratory diseases.
The US CDC has provided funding and technical support to WHO GISRS for surveillance, global guidance, research on transmission zones, and regional network activities.
The NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR) program supports research on influenza virus evolution, emergence, transmission, and pathogenicity, with an international research infrastructure to respond to emerging and pandemic influenza.