Integrate research to develop and implement a plan to improve genetic and antigenic characterization of emerging and circulating influenza viruses (including epitopes beyond HA and NA, such as T-cell epitopes), using techniques such as deep-sequencing technology, computational biology, and phylogenetic analysis. This plan should outline specific goals for how analytic characterization can be used to predict antigenic drift. Ongoing screening of emerging strains with a standardized, regularly updated panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) binding key epitopes could also be considered as part of this effort.