Arevalo 2022 generated a nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccine expressing HA antigens from all known influenza virus subtypes and found that this multivalent vaccine elicits diverse Abs that protect mice and ferrets against matched and mismatched viral strains.
Interest in applying novel platforms to seasonal influenza vaccines is evident; 10 mRNA-based next-generation influenza vaccine candidates are now in clinical development:
- Phase 3: Moderna mRNA-1010; Pfizer/BioNTech modified mRNA
- Phase 2: CureVac/GSK multivalent modified mRNA; Moderna mRNA-1011/1012; Moderna mRNA-1020/1030; Sanofi mRNA; Pfizer sa-RNA
- Phase 1: Arcturus/CSL sa-RNA (ARCT-2138); CSL Seqirus sa-mRNA(Sq012); DCVC H1 HA mRNA-LNP